How does infection leave your body




















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Bacterial Infections Bacteria are microscopic single-cell microorganisms that are found all around us. Examples of bacterial infections Bacteria must enter your body for them to cause an infection. What are the symptoms of a bacterial infection? If you have bacterial pneumonia, you may experience Fever Cough, with phlegm Shortness of breath Sweating Shaking chills Headache Muscle pain Fatigue Chest pain with breathing If you have a urinary tract infection, you may have some of these symptoms: Sudden and extreme urges to void pass urine Frequent urges to void Burning, irritation or pain as you void A feeling of not emptying your bladder completely A feeling of pressure in your abdomen or lower back Thick or cloudy urine — it may contain blood Fever The common element with most bacterial infections are: Fever Chills Pain or discomfort in the affected area But if the infection is in a joint, that joint and the surrounding area will likely hurt; if you have a sinus infection, you will probably have a headache and foul nasal discharge, and so on.

Prevention Not all infections can be prevented, but the chances of spreading bacterial infections can be greatly reduced by following these tips: Wash your hands often, particularly if you are in a healthcare facility.

Keep wounds clean and covered. Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors. To see a virus, it is necessary to use a scanning electron microscope, which uses electrons instead of light to produce an image. Another important fact is that there are many types of viruses.

Some can just cause a common flu, while others can be more harmful such as HIV, Ebola or Coronavirus. And, there are viruses that enter the human body, but the immune system manages to fight them, so the person does not get sick. In short, viruses can replicate and create other viruses. This is possible as they can adapt very easily to any environment and any host. They are made to survive very difficult conditions.

Usually these microorganisms enter the body through the mouth, eyes, nose, genitals or through wounds, bites or any open wounds. Moreover, they are transmitted through different routes. Some diseases are spread by direct contact with infected skin, mucous membranes or body fluids. There is also the possibility of indirect contact, when a person touches an object door, handle, table , which has the virus on it, when an infected person sneezes, coughs or talks or when the mucous membrane comes into contact with another person.

In some other cases, the virus is transmitted through common vehicle such as contaminated food, water or blood. Finally, there are vectors: rats, snakes, mosquitoes etc. These organisms enter the body and adhere to the cell surface. Depending on the type of virus, it seeks for cells in different parts of the body: liver, respiratory system or blood.

Safety and Prevention. Family Life. Health Issues. Tips and Tools. Our Mission. Find a Pediatrician. Text Size. How Do Antibiotics Work? Page Content. The Activity of Antibacterials Antibacterials fight infectious bacteria in the body. Scientists often categorize antibacterials in the following way: Some antibacterials eg, penicillin, cephalosporin kill bacteria outright and are called bactericidal.

Side Effects of Antibiotics As powerful and useful as antibiotics can be, they may produce side effects in some people. The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

Follow Us. Back to Top. Chronic Conditions. Common Surgical Procedures. Depending on the sort, cocci bacteria group themselves in a range of ways, such as in pairs, long lines or tight clusters.

Examples include Staphylococci which cause a host of infections including boils and Gonococci which cause the sexually transmissible infection gonorrhoea. Spirochaetes — as the name suggests, these bacteria are shaped like tiny spirals.

Spirochaetes bacteria are responsible for a range of diseases, including the sexually transmissible infection syphilis. Vibrio — shaped like a comma.

The tropical disease cholera, characterised by severe diarrhoea and dehydration, is caused by the vibrio bacteria. Characteristics of the bacterium Most bacteria, apart from the cocci variety, move around with the aid of small lashing tails flagella or by whipping their bodies from side to side.

Curing a bacterial infection The body reacts to disease-causing bacteria by increasing local blood flow inflammation and sending in cells from the immune system to attack and destroy the bacteria. Virus types A virus is a miniscule pocket of protein that contains genetic material. The four main types of virus include: Icosahedral — the outer shell capsid is made from 20 flat sides, which gives a spherical shape.

Most viruses are icosahedral. Helical — the capsid is shaped like a rod. Enveloped — the capsid is encased in a baggy membrane, which can change shape but often appears spherical. Complex — the genetic material is coated, but without a capsid.

Curing a viral infection Antibiotics are useless against viral infections. Immunisation against viral infection is not always possible It is possible to vaccinate against many serious viral infections such as measles, mumps, hepatitis A and hepatitis B.

Where to get help Your doctor Your pharmacist Things to remember Many human illnesses are caused by infection with either bacteria or viruses. Most bacterial diseases can be treated with antibiotics, although antibiotic-resistant strains are starting to emerge. It is possible to be vaccinated against some of the major disease-causing viruses such as measles and polio , as well as bacterial diseases such as Hemophilus influenza Type b Hib , tetanus and whooping cough.

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